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Prolactin receptor
The prolactin receptor (PRLR)—encoded by a gene on chromosome 5p13-14—interacts with prolactin as a transmembrane receptor. Thus it contains an extracellular region that binds prolactin, a transmembrane region, and a cytoplasmatic region. The PRLR also binds and is activated by growth hormone (GH) and human placental lactogen (hPL) in addition to prolactin.
The PRLR is a cytokine receptor,〔Prolactin: The multi-faceted potentiator of mammary growth and function. Trott JF, Schennink A, Petrie WK, Manjarin R, Vanklompenberg MK, Hovey RC. J Anim Sci. 2011 Dec 28.〕 and second messenger cascades include the JAK-STAT pathway, JAK-RUSH pathway,〔Prolactin-induced Jak2 phosphorylation of RUSH: a key element in Jak/RUSH signaling. Helmer RA, Panchoo M, Dertien JS, Bhakta SM, Hewetson A, Chilton BS. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2010 Aug 30;325(1-2):143-9.〕〔Prolactin induces Jak2 phosphorylation of RUSHY195. Helmer RA, Dertien JS, Chilton BS. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2011 May 16;338(1-2):79-83.〕 Ras-Raf-MAPK, and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway.〔The role of prolactin in mammary carcinoma. Clevenger CV, Furth PA, Hankinson SE, Schuler LA. Endocr Rev. 2003 Feb;24(1):1-27.〕
The PRLR has been found to be essential for lobuloalveolar maturation of the mammary glands during pregnancy, as evidenced by the fact that PRLR knockout mice show severely impaired development of lobuloalveolar structures.
==References==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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